THC vs THCa: What is Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid?

If you have some experience with cannabis, you’re probably already familiar with THC, one of the two most common cannabinoids in marijuana (the other one being CBD).  

However “what is THCa?” is a question that we hear quite often from both cannabis enthusiasts and newcomers to marijuana. In this guide, we will cover everything you need to know about this acidic cannabinoid. 

THCa, or tetrahydrocannabinolic acid, is one of the hundreds of cannabinoids found in cannabis plants that are believed to offer several therapeutic benefits, although research into its potential benefits is ongoing. 

While its name and chemical composition is very similar to THC, THCA has very different properties from the latter. Unlike THC, THCA is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid. [Source] 

As a matter of fact, THCA is THCs predecessor and converts to tetrahydrocannabinol as the cannabis plant is subjected to light and heat. Therefore, THCA products are extracted from raw cannabis plants. 

Keep reading to learn more about THCA, and why it is growing in popularity as research uncovers more of its unique properties. 

What is THCa? 

THCA is often referred to as the precursor to THC. It is a cannabinoid acid found in the fresh cannabis plant.  

When cannabis plants are growing, they produce a range of cannabinoids depending on the specific strain of the plant. Almost all of these cannabinoids begin as carboxylic acids such as THCA, then convert into non-acidic compounds through the process of decarboxylation or “decarbing.” The acidic version of each cannabinoid typically has different effects from its decarboxylated form. 

Other cannabinoid acids you may encounter are 

• CBGA (Cannabigerolic acid) 
• CBDA (Cannabidiolic acid) 
• CBCA (Cannabichromenenic acid) 
• CBGVA (Cannabigerovarinic acid) 
• THCVA (Tetrahydrocanabivarinic acid) 
• CBDVA (Cannabidivarinic acid) 
• CBCVA (Cannabichromevarinic acid) 

How does THCa interact with the human body? 

The human body (and some animals) contains a unique set of receptors that are part of the Endocannabinoid System. This system was discovered relatively recently by Raphael Mechoulam. ECS has a critical role in maintaining the homeostasis of the human body, which affects our brain, immune and other systems. [Source] 

Unlike THC, THCA is a non-psychotropic cannabinoid. In other words, it does not produce the intoxicating effect that is commonly associated with cannabis and THC. 

This is a result of the size of the THCA molecule. This is a large molecule that does not bind to cannabinoid receptors in the endocannabinoid system. 

Current research suggests that THCA does not bind much to either CB1 or CB2 receptors, the two major cannabinoid receptors. 

This does not mean that THCA has no effects on your system, however. 

Recent research has suggested that marijuana extracts comprised primarily of THCA may have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties for some people. It has also been suggested by some studies to reduce nausea and vomiting. 

Potential benefits & effects of THCa 

Recreational and medical cannabis has only recently become legal in a number of states. As a result of its history as an illegal substance, and in most parts of the world its continued criminalization, research into the effects and potential uses of the many chemicals it contains remains extremely limited. 

Research into the effects and potential therapeutic uses for THCA is still very much in its infancy, and scientist are still hopeful about the ways THCa can be used  & how effective it may be.

However, preliminary research and anecdotal evidence of individual people’s experiences suggest that THCA could become a significant component of cannabis-derived treatments in the future as researchers learn more about cannabinoids and their effects.

How THCa becomes THC? 

Heat and light initiate the process of decarboxylation. In this process, a carboxylic acid group is removed from the THCA molecules, altering their chemical structure to become THC.  

Unlike THCA, THC molecules are the right shape to fit into the CB1 receptors of the endocannabinoid system that runs throughout the central nervous systems, creating the intoxicating effects of THC. 

Most methods of consuming cannabis, such as smoking, vaping, or cooking, involve heating or burning marijuana. As a result, the majority of the THCA in cannabis will have been decarboxylated into THC by the time it enters your system.  

In other words, smoking or vaping a high-THCA cannabis product will not necessarily mean a higher THCA intake, as smoking or vaping turns the THCA into THC. Because of this, alternative methods of consuming cannabis or extracting cannabinoids that avoid heating or curing cannabis flowers must be used to preserve its THCA content. 

THCa vs THC 

As previously discussed, THCA and THC are different cannabinoid compounds that interact with your body in different ways, among other distinctions. These are the key differences between THCA and THC: 

Potency 

THCa itself is not thought of as potent at all, having limited to no psychoactive effects. However, heating it via cooking, smoking, vaping, or other methods, turns it into THC. As crystalline THCA can be sold in very high concentrates, applying one of these methods to THCA to convert it to THC can have very potent effects.  

Due to the potentially much higher concentration of THC being produced through this process, this can be more potent than other methods of taking in THC such as smoking cannabis flowers. 

Benefits 

As mentioned above, the potential health benefits of consuming THCA may include: 

• Reduced inflammation 
• Reduced nausea, and improved appetite 
• THCA has the additional benefit that all of its effects can be enjoyed without becoming intoxicated 

The potential benefits of THC could include: 

• A state-altering effect’ that many people find pleasurable, elevating, energizing, or relaxing 
• Pain management 
• Improved sleep 
• Reducing nausea caused by chemotherapy 
• Reduction in muscle spasms caused by Multiple Sclerosis and paraplegia 

[Source] 

Usage 

It is very simple to intake THC from cannabis or cannabis extracts. All of the usual ingestion methods associated with marijuana such as smoking, vaping, or cooking edibles, will deliver varying amounts of THC into your system. 

Getting THCA into your body is a little more complex. Any of the above methods will convert THCA into THC through decarboxylation.  

In fact, even a warm room or sunlight will kickstart this process. [Source] 

Instead, isolated THCA extracts can be purchased or you can consume raw, freshly harvested cannabis plant material. The plant must be freshly harvested and kept in a cool, dark place to prevent decarboxylation from starting. 

With either of these options, applying heat will still create THC, so you can’t cook it. THCA users often blend it into a juice smoothie or use other methods to prepare the THCA extract or cannabis plant for eating without using heat.  

Of course, you can always just eat the raw plant like any green vegetable, however, this may not be very appetizing as it allegedly has a bitter taste. 

Legality 

The legality of THCA is a bit of a grey area in the US. It is not classed as a banned substance on a federal level. However, THCA could be considered an analog of THC, since it can turn into THC so easily and many people use it for that exact purpose. Because of this THCa can fall under the  Federal Analogue Act. 

 Furthermore, most THCA extracts will also contain at least some amount of THC. 

To be safe, always check the laws of your state before purchasing marijuana products. You can find more info in our state-by-state guide on cannabis laws. 

THCa vs THCV 

THCV, or tetrahydrocannabivarin, is a cannabinoid that offers a range of effects that set it apart from other cannabinoids like THC and CBD. THCV is believed to have properties that assist weight loss. [Source] 

THCV can also create psychoactive effects depending on the dosage and the strain, with only very high dosages resulting in an intoxicated feeling.  

THCV is mostly found in low concentrations, however, some strains have higher THCV concentrations than others. These strains often also have higher THC content than average. 

Reasons for Embracing THCa Labeling:

Transparency and Accuracy: By listing THCa, RISE Dispensaries is providing an authentic snapshot of the cannabis plant's primary composition in its raw form. As THCa is the acidic precursor to THC, this labeling provides consumers with a direct insight into the cannabinoid's natural state before any decarboxylation processes.

Educative Purpose: The inclusion of THCa on labels serves an educational role. As consumers become more sophisticated and knowledgeable about various cannabinoids, seeing THCa on labels can prompt further inquiry and research. This encourages a more informed consumer base that understands the diverse array of cannabinoids present in the cannabis plant.

Consumer Empowerment: With the THCa percentage clearly displayed, you’ll have a better understanding of the product's potential THC content. With this information, you can estimate how much THC you will get if you heat (decarboxylate) the product. This places greater control in the hands of consumers regarding their experience.

RISE Dispensaries' shift in labeling serves as a testament to our dedication to clarity, education, and consumer empowerment. As the cannabis landscape continues to evolve, such informed decisions play a crucial role in shaping more knowledgeable and responsible consumption.

How to Read a Cannabis Label

So, what does this mean for cannabis users in Florida? Let’s dive quickly into the art of reading cannabis labels to understand this!

There are a few major elements included on the label of your favorite marijuana products. Here's a quick guide to help:

Strain Name: This is self-explanatory. First of all, you’ll learn what strain of cannabis you are purchasing. It can be such classics as Gorilla Gule or Do Si Dos or something completely different!

Cannabinoid Content: This includes percentages of THC, CBD, and other cannabinoids. And this is where RISE Florida will try some changes! Instead of THC, you will find the percentage of THCa of your product. How to understand this? Well, first of all, remember that, unlike THC, THCa is non-psychoactive. It’s actually the acidic compound in raw cannabis that will turn into THC once you heat your product either by vaping, baking, or smoking it. Seems pretty straightforward right? The amount of THCa you’ll see on your package translates into THC when you heat up your product! Not looking for a psychoactive effect? You can always enjoy the benefits of THCa in raw cannabis!

Terpene Profile: Terpenes are aromatic compounds in cannabis that can influence its effects and flavor and this is why so many cannabis lovers are very particular about the terpene profile of their product. Some common terpenes you will find listed on cannabis labels include limonene, pinene, and linalool.

Manufacturing Date: This indicates the freshness of the product.

Test Results: Look for labels that indicate the product has been tested for contaminants like pesticides, heavy metals, and microbial agents. You don’t want anything but the best!

Serving Size and Dosage: This is especially important for edibles, this section will indicate how much of the product equates to a single dose and how much THC/CBD is in that dose. Remember, you don’t want to overdo it, start low and go slow!

Additional Ingredients: Some products, like vapes and edibles, may contain additional ingredients. Always check to ensure you're comfortable with what's inside.

You can find a more in detail guide on how to read a label here!

Spotlight on THCA: What to Choose?

As we delve into the benefits of labeling products with their THCA content, it's pivotal to highlight some of the standout offerings in the market that focus on this cannabinoid.

Good Green Mixed Buds Red Velvet Pancakes x Headmount

With a THCA content of 24.93%, this dried cannabis flower promises not just a potent experience but one characterized by feelings of calm, happiness, relaxation, and energy. Predominantly consumed through inhalation, its effects are near-instantaneous. More than just a product, Good Green is a mission-driven brand fighting against the War on Drugs and advocating for communities disproportionately affected by it.

Available in states: IL, MD

RYTHM Live Resin Fortune Cookies

A premium concentrate teeming with a remarkable 71.32% THCA. This full-spectrum offering encapsulates the very essence of the cannabis plant, maintaining its rich terpene profile. Beyond its powerful composition, RYTHM stands out as a brand dedicated to offering consistent, authentic cannabis experiences, empowering consumers in their journey.

Available in states: IL

Dogwalkers Mini Dogs Animal Face

These pre-rolls, available in packs of 5 or 12, come with a potent 28.92% THCA content. Each .35g mini-pre-roll is a commitment to quality — no shake, stems, or seeds. Beyond the product, Dogwalkers stands as a beacon of philanthropy, contributing to animal shelters with every purchase.

Available in states: IL, MA, VA

Incredibles Microdosed Mints Chill Mints

These mints, with a THCA content of 0.14mg each, showcase the power of microdosing. With 100mg THC total in the package, users get a precise dose of 2mg THC per mint. It's a refreshing blend of cool mint and potent cannabis oil, promising consistency in every bite.

Available in states: IL, FL, MA, OH

RYTHM Flower Afternoon Delight #7

A balanced hybrid with a THCA potency of 25.25%, this strain provides a delightful symphony of floral, citrus, and earthy diesel notes. It’s the perfect example of how RYTHM transforms the natural gifts of the cannabis plant into an experience for consumers.

Available in states: IL, MA

How About Some THCV?

We’ve explored the difference about THC vs THCa but there’s something else and it’s THCV. What about it?

THCV, or tetrahydrocannabivarin, is a cannabinoid found in the cannabis plant, akin to its famous counterparts THC and CBD. Unlike THC, THCV doesn't produce the same intoxicating effects; instead, it's often hailed for its unique attributes like appetite suppression and potential energy-boosting qualities. [Source]

Want to learn more about THCV? Check out our detailed guide on Everything THCV!

As consumers become increasingly discerning about their cannabis choices, products rich in THCV have started to carve out their niche. Here's a spotlight on two THCV-focused offerings that stand out:

Incredibles Lemon Lime Boost Gummies

Bursting with zesty lemon-lime flavors, these gummies rich with 100mg THCV are designed for those moments when you need to switch on and engage. Offering a 10:5:1 ratio of THCV, CBD, and THC, each gummy aims to invigorate the senses while ensuring a balanced experience. Known for its meticulous production methods, Incredibles guarantees a precise dose every time. Whether you're diving into a creative project or just looking to elevate your day, these gummies promise to activate and dominate.

Available in states: IL

Beboe Hustle Gummies

For the ambitious souls and the go-getters, Beboe's Hustle Gummies with 80mg of THCV are the ideal companion. Packed with a balanced mix of THCV, CBD, and a hint of THC, these pomegranate-flavored delights are more than just a treat. They're a statement. Designed for those moments when you need to buckle down and hustle, every bite embodies Beboe's commitment to quality, flavor, and clarity.

As the cannabis industry matures, the spotlight is expanding beyond just THC and CBD. THCV-rich products like these are paving the way for a more sophisticated and nuanced cannabis experience. Whether you're new to THCV or a seasoned enthusiast, these products promise clarity, empowerment, and an unmatched experience.

FAQ 

Is THCa legal? 

THCA is not banned at the federal level in the US, but sales or possession could be prosecuted under the Federal Analogue Act. By the rule of thumb, THCa is likely legal in the states that have also legalized marijuana/THC for recreational and medical uses. But always check the laws in your state before purchasing any marijuana product. 

Why does THC get you elevated and THCA doesn’t? 

THCA molecules are of different shape and sizes than THC molecules. While THC molecules can fit into CB1 cannabinoid receptors, THCA molecules cannot. The interaction between THC molecules and those cannabinoid receptors is the primary cause of the elevating effects associated with cannabis. 

Although the cannabis plant produces many hundreds of cannabinoids, the chemical compounds that are responsible for the psychoactive effects of cannabis are few in number. 

Is THCa intoxicating? 

THCA is not intoxicating as it does not have a high affinity to bind with CB1 and CB2 receptors. [Source]  

However, it is easily converted into a potent form of THC, which is intoxicating. 

Will THCa make me fail a drug test? 

However, it enters your system, THCA can be metabolized by your body into THC-COOH. THC also metabolizes into the same compound. Most drug tests screen for the presence of THC-COOH as an indicator of cannabis use, and cannot distinguish between THCA and THC use. As a result, THCA may cause you to fail a drug test that screens for cannabis use. However, most drug tests, including all drug tests used by federal workplaces, prevent trace amounts of THC-COOH from causing a positive result on a drug test. 

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•  Nadal X, Del Río C, Casano S, et al. Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid is a potent PPARγ agonist with neuroprotective activity. Br J Pharmacol. 2017;174(23):4263-4276. doi:10.1111/bph.14019
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• National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice; Committee on the Health Effects of Marijuana: An Evidence Review and Research Agenda. The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids: The Current State of Evidence and Recommendations for Research. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2017 Jan 12. 3, Cannabis: Prevalence of Use, Regulation, and Current Policy Landscape.
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