Terpenes 101: What is Limonene?

Terpenes 101: What is Limonene? 

• Limonene is one of the terpenes responsible for cannabis’ taste and smell. 
• It is also found in the rind of citrus fruits and in pine trees. 
• The taste of limonene is sour and bitter; it is the definition of what we call a citrusy or lemony scent/taste. 
• Limonene is used in cosmetics, cleaning products, and insecticides. 
• Cannabis strains rich in limonene include Afternoon Delight, Animal Face, Kush Mountains, Kosher Kush, Jupiter, and Casino Kush. 

Once people are done discussing the CBD and THC content of different cannabis strains, the conversation quickly turns to terpenes. The complexity of taste, flavor, and benefits that these compounds bring is astounding, and limonene is one of the most exciting terpenes around. 

Limonene is everywhere! It's the second most prevalent terpene in nature, making a prominent appearance in the rinds of citrus fruits like lemons, oranges, and grapefruits. 

But how does limonene stand in the cannabis arena? Quite prominently, as it turns out. While not the most abundant terpene in cannabis plants, limonene holds its ground as a significant player. It's typically the third most prevalent terpene found in cannabis strains, though its concentration can vary.  

Want to know what to expect from limonene-rich cannabis? Ready to explore cannabis with a citrusy edge? Let's go! 

What Are Terpenes?  

In the diverse world of cannabis, terpenes are the compounds that provide the array of distinct aromas and flavors in different strains. These natural elements do more than just create an appealing scent; when combined with cannabinoids like THC and CBD, terpenes may enhance the overall effects of cannabis. If you find yourself attracted to a particular strain due to its aroma or the specific sensation it provides, it's likely the terpenes working in harmony with cannabinoids that are shaping your experience.​

What Is Limonene Terpene? 

Limonene is one of the most recognizable terpenes in cannabis, known for its strong citrus aroma. It contributes to the appealing taste of popular strains such as Kush Mountains and Ice Cream Cake and is the same compound that gives citrus fruits their characteristic scent. 

Second only to pinene, the most abundant terpene on Earth, limonene is also the third most prevalent terpene in the cannabis plant. 

Limonene's primary biological purpose is to ward off insects. Present in the rind of citrus fruits like lemons, grapefruits, and oranges, it keeps unwanted visitors away while also endowing plants with a deliciously zesty smell.  

Some cannabis strains have as much as 15% of limonene, but the norm is about 1 or 2%. Researchers believe the presence of this unique terpene may influence the cannabis plant's benefits through something called the “entourage effect.”

What Is D Limonene? 

D-limonene is the most stable isomer in the limonene molecule. The other isomer is L-limonene. Industrially extracted from citrus fruit through a process that involves centrifugal separation and distillation, D-limonene is used in insecticides, cosmetics, food, and drinks.

What Does Limonene Smell/Taste Like? 

Limonene is often characterized by its vibrant citrusy notes that blend into a complex profile of bitter, sour, and sweet undertones. This potent terpene emits a robust smell, so powerful that it's considered repellent to insects. Its scent is unmistakably sharp and tangy, while its flavor carries a pronounced sourness, akin to that of citrus rind. 

The experience of limonene is familiar to many; it's reminiscent of the zesty taste found in the peel of citrus fruits and the refreshing essence in lemon-flavored treats and drinks. This familiarity makes limonene's aroma and taste easily recognizable and distinctively refreshing. 

Expert Tip 

Don't assume that a cannabis strain is high in limonene because it smells citrusy. There are many cannabis strains that smell lemony and are nevertheless low in limonene. 

Where Can Limonene Be Found?  

Limonene is mainly found in citrus plants and pine trees. One of the most prevalent terpenes in the natural world, limonene is a component of many essential oils from citrus. It is liquid and colorless. 

Because of its pleasant aroma, industrially distilled limonene is widely used to add flavor and fragrance to fruit juices, candies, and other food items. Likewise, it is often used as a fragrance additive in cosmetics and cleaning products. 

Health Benefits and Uses of Limonene 

​​Limonene, a prevalent terpene in many cannabis strains, is celebrated not only for its aromatic contribution but also for its array of potential therapeutic benefits. It's particularly valued in recreational cannabis for its ability to enhance mood and overall well-being. 

How Does Cannabis Rich in Limonene Make You Feel? 

Often regarded as a mood elevator, limonene is believed to influence serotonin levels, a key neurotransmitter in regulating mood. This interaction is thought to contribute to feelings of happiness and euphoria, making limonene-rich cannabis strains a popular choice for those seeking a cheerful and uplifting experience. [Source] 

Research-backed Health Benefits of Limonene Terpene 

If euphoria sounds appealing, wait till you hear about everything limonene can do for your health! Research has shown that this terpene has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cancer-fighting, antidiabetic, gastroprotective, and antiviral effects, among other beneficial qualities.  

Skin Regeneration 

A review of studies found that limonene is also a powerful antimicrobial agent capable of promoting wound healing. [Source] 

Anticancer Potential 

Studies confirmed this tendency, reducing and inhibiting breast cancer tumor growth. This could indicate that consuming limonene on a daily basis could be tremendously beneficial for breast cancer patients. [Source] 

Neurodegenerative Disease Management 

An increasing body of research indicates that natural limonene shows promise in the preventive and therapeutic management of various neurodegenerative conditions. It's particularly noted for its potential in diseases like Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and stroke, among others. The hypothesis that's gaining support is that limonene acts as an effective therapeutic agent, helping to mitigate the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. [Source] 

Other Reported Benefits of Limonene for Human Health 

• Stress relief 
• Antifungal 
• Antibacterial  
• Treatment of heartburn and GERD 

Studies are underway to establish how limonene present in cannabis may interact with other terpenes to produce and enhance some of the health benefits mentioned above. 

Cannabis Strains High in Limonene 

Limonene coexists with a wide variety of compounds in the cannabis plant. When you pick a cannabis product, you must consider how each cannabis strain's unique combination of terpenes promotes pain or stress relief. Consult with one of RISE’s knowledgeable patient care specialists to learn more and find the strain that is right for you.  

Ready to peruse the shelves of your local RISE dispensary in search of the best limonene-rich cannabis strains? Here we go!

Afternoon Delight

Afternoon Delight is a well-balanced hybrid known for its ability to bring a serene and blissful experience. Its genetic roots in GMO and Trophy Wife contribute to its complex profile, characterized by floral and citrus notes layered over an earthy diesel undertone. The presence of limonene enhances the strain's citrusy aroma while potentially offering mood-elevating effects. This strain's rich lime green hue and dense nugs make it as visually appealing as it is aromatically inviting. It's a favorite for those looking to enhance their sensory experience and mood, reflecting its accolades in the Chicago Reader's awards​​.

Kush Mountains

Kush Mountains is an indica-dominant strain that offers an intensely relaxing experience, perfect for unwinding after a long day. A cross between White Walker and Blue Flame, its flavor profile is a rich blend of earth, lemon, and sweet diesel, indicating a significant presence of limonene. This terpene adds a zesty twist to the strain's aroma and may contribute to its calming effects. Kush Mountains is favored for its deeply soothing qualities and its ability to transport users to a state of serene tranquility​​. 

Kosher Kush 

Kosher Kush is an indica-dominant strain renowned for its profound relaxation effects and its sweet, earthy flavor profile. The result of hybridizing Kosher and OG Kush, this strain is a staple for those seeking a peaceful escape. Limonene, along with other terpenes like myrcene and linalool, contributes to its complex aroma and may enhance its stress-relieving properties. It's a multiple award-winner, recognized particularly for its ability to alleviate anxiety and manage pain, making it a valuable choice for medicinal and recreational users alike​​.

Jupiter

Jupiter is a balanced hybrid strain that promises a harmonious blend of mental and physical effects. Its flavor profile is a playful mix of citrus, spice, and hops, reflective of its diverse terpene composition with limonene at the forefront. This terpene not only imparts a refreshing citrus aroma but may also contribute to the strain's uplifting and euphoric effects. Jupiter is ideal for those looking to elevate their mood while enjoying a nuanced taste and aroma​​. 

Jet Fuel OG 

Jet Fuel OG is a dynamic hybrid known for its invigorating effects that can both energize and relax the user. The strain boasts a unique flavor combination of sour lemon and pine, indicative of its limonene and myrcene content. These terpenes contribute to its distinctive aroma and may also enhance its uplifting and calming effects. Jet Fuel OG is a popular choice for those seeking a balanced experience that can keep them alert yet stress-free​​. 

Ice Cream Cake

This indica-dominant hybrid, a cross between Gelato #33 and Wedding Cake, is celebrated for its creamy flavor and relaxing effects. Ice Cream Cake's terpene profile, rich in limonene, delivers a sweet vanilla aroma with hints of fruit and spice. The limonene not only adds to its delightful scent but may also offer stress-relieving benefits, making it a popular choice for unwinding and stress management. Its high THC content and potent effects make it a favorite among those seeking deep relaxation and a flavorful experience​​. 

Durban Zkittlez 

 Durban Zkittlez is a sativa-dominant strain that promises an uplifting and energizing experience. A cross between Durban Poison and Zkittles, this strain features a complex profile of fruity, tart, and lemony flavors, indicative of its limonene content. The presence of this terpene not only contributes to its vibrant aroma but may also enhance the strain's mood-elevating effects. Durban Zkittlez is favored for its ability to boost creativity and energy, making it an excellent choice for daytime use or for any activity that requires a burst of inspiration. 

Do Si Dos

Do Si Dos is an enchanting Indica-dominant strain that's known for its profoundly relaxing and soothing effects. With its sweet and earthy flavors accompanied by a pungent aroma that's both intriguing and intense, this strain is a sensory delight. The scent is often described as sharp and penetrating, indicative of its robust terpene profile which may include limonene. This strain is often sought after for its ability to calm the mind and body, making it ideal for evening use or for those seeking a deep sense of relaxation. 

Casino Kush

Casino Kush is a formidable Indica-dominant strain known for its "heavy-hitting" effects that can quickly envelop users in a state of deep relaxation. It features a bold combination of earthy pine and diesel scents, creating an aroma that's as intense as it is memorable. While the strain is primarily noted for its powerful impact and sedative qualities, the presence of limonene may add a subtle citrus undertone to its predominantly earthy scent, enhancing the overall sensory experience. 

Caramel Cream

As an uplifting hybrid, Caramel Cream stands out with its complex terpene profile and high limonene content. This strain offers a delightful taste reminiscent of salty caramel and cream, creating a sweet and savory experience that's as unique as it is satisfying. The limonene not only contributes to its sweet citrus aroma but may also enhance the strain's uplifting and mood-elevating effects. Caramel Cream is perfect for those seeking a balanced and flavorful experience with a touch of joy and relaxation. 

Bubba Fett

Bubba Fett is a powerful Indica-dominant strain that has garnered attention for its taste that combines berries and lemon with kush and sandalwood overtones. The presence of limonene is likely responsible for its citrusy notes, adding a refreshing twist to its complex flavor profile. This strain's potent effects and unique taste led to its recognition as the Best Cannabis Strain by the Chicago Reader in 2019. Bubba Fett is favored by those seeking a profound sense of relaxation coupled with a rich and nuanced taste experience. 

Brownie Scout 

The Indica-dominant Brownie Scout is renowned for its high limonene and THC levels, contributing to its spicy, earthy flavor with robust chocolate undertones. This strain is known to induce an exultant Indica trance, making it ideal for users looking for an intense and immersive experience. The high limonene content not only enhances its aromatic profile but may also contribute to its mood-elevating and stress-relieving effects. Brownie Scout is perfect for those seeking deep relaxation and a rich, flavorful escape. 

Animal Face 

Animal Face is an Indica-dominant strain that offers a delightful blend of citrus, nut, and sweet flavors with hints of pine. The presence of limonene contributes to its refreshing citrus aroma and may also enhance the strain's ability to melt away stress and cares. Animal Face is known for its relaxing yet uplifting effects, making it a versatile choice for those looking to unwind while maintaining a sense of alertness and joy. 

Ready to enjoy the potency of limonene terpene by trying out some of these unique cannabis strains? Consult with your RISE cannabis specialist to maximize the benefits of limonene in your preferred menu of quality cannabis products!