Cannabis Flower 101: Everything Beginners Need To Know

When many of us think of cannabis, flower is the first thing that comes to mind. It’s a classic. If you're new to the world of cannabis, you probably have quite a few questions about this arguably the most popular form of the plant. 

If you’ve ever visited your local dispensary, you might’ve noticed flower comes in a variety of forms, such as popcorn and premium flower. Curious about what these different types mean and which one might be best for you? 

Keep reading, and we'll guide you through the basics of cannabis flowers. From understanding the cannabis plant itself to exploring the different types of flower products and how to use them, we've got you covered with all the fundamental info you need to start your cannabis journey. Let's dive in and discover the world of cannabis flowers together. 

Highlights 

• Cannabis flower is the consumable, trichome-covered part of the female marijuana plant. 
• Cannabis flower and bud are the same thing. 
• Marijuana flower can come in various forms, like trim, shake, popcorn nugs, and premium flower.  

What Is cannabis flower 

What exactly is cannabis flower? Essentially, it's the part of the marijuana plant that's used for both recreational and medical purposes, depending on where you are. Cannabis is a unique plant in that it's dioecious – a fancy way of saying it can be either male or female. 

The flowers we often talk about in the world of cannabis come from the female plant. These are the blooms that make their way into dispensaries and are celebrated for their various uses. The male cannabis plant, while playing a crucial role in the plant's reproduction, isn't as prominent in the cannabis marketplace. This is because it's the female plants that produce the rich, cannabinoid-packed flowers sought after by consumers and enthusiasts. [Source]  

Which part of the plant is cannabis flower?

The flower, or bud, is the part covered in trichomes, those tiny, sparkling crystals you see. This part is rich in cannabinoids and other active compounds. It's exclusively produced by female marijuana plants, specifically from clusters known as colas. 

A cola refers to a flowering site on the cannabis plant. This includes the actual flowers and the nodes, which are the points where the flower connects to the rest of the plant. The cola is where all the action happens, so to speak, where the plant's most valued and potent parts are formed. [Source]  

Anatomy of the cannabis flower 

While you don’t need to be an expert in the anatomy of the marijuana plant in order to enjoy cannabis, having a little knowledge can definitely help enhance your experience.  

Intrigued? In this section, we’ll describe the main parts of cannabis flower, the role they play in flower available on the market and how they may actually impact you as a consumer.

Trichomes  

Trichomes are white crystals that appear on top of flowers. They contain the largest quantities of terpenes, THC, CBD, and other active compounds in the cannabis plant.  

When the plant is growing, the function of trichomes is to protect flowers from frost, pests, and the elements. Growers use them to decide when a plant is ready for harvest, and they also indicate flowers’ potency (which, of course, is useful to know as you begin trying different strains out there). [Source]  

Bracts  

The bracts encapsulate the clusters of flowers that surround a single stem. They look like small leaves, and their main purpose is to protect the flowers and seeds on seeding plants.  

Technically, the actual flower is also considered a part of the bract. In fact, floral bracts make up most of the mass of marijuana flowers.  

Calyx  

Calyx is the first part that forms on the cannabis flower, just as a young plant enters the blooming stage. It’s a platform constructed of miniature leaves, which spiral at the node where the flower emerges from the stem. Their main function is to protect the base of the flowers during development.  

But that’s not the main reason why cultivators need to know their calyxes. They also house the resin glands, which produce cannabinoids (a.k.a. cannabis compounds that are responsible for the various effects felt when the plant is consumed). As a result, they’re the most resin-dense part of the plant. [Source]  

Sugar Leaves  

Sugar leaves are small leaves that form at the base of the marijuana bud. The term comes from the white coat of trichomes on the surface of each leaf.  

Some cultivators leave them on the flower when harvesting to help with the drying process. Others remove them and use them in their trim.  

Types of Cannabis Flower 

Navigating the diverse landscape of cannabis flowers, you'll often hear about three main types: Indica, Sativa, and Hybrid. However, it's important to understand that the distinction between these types is more nuanced than commonly thought, and the market today predominantly offers various hybrid strains. 

Indica and Sativa are traditional classifications. Indica strains were historically believed to offer more relaxing and sedative effects, while Sativas were associated with being more energizing and uplifting. However, this division is an oversimplification. The effects of cannabis are influenced by a complex interplay of factors, including the specific cannabinoid and terpene profiles, rather than just the plant's lineage. In reality, most strains on the market are hybrids of both, and the effects can vary widely even within these categories. 

Hybrid strains, as the name suggests, are a mix of Indica and Sativa genetics. They can lean towards Indica-dominant or Sativa-dominant characteristics, or offer a balanced profile of both. These hybrids are bred to achieve specific effects, flavors, and aromas, and can provide a more tailored experience that might not strictly adhere to the traditional Indica/Sativa dichotomy. 

It's essential to approach these categories as general guidelines rather than strict rules. The effects of any strain depend on its unique chemical makeup and how your body interacts with it. Personal experience and experimentation are key in finding the right strain for your individual needs and preferences. 

How to use cannabis flower 

Navigating the world of cannabis flower consumption can be as diverse and colorful as the strains themselves. 

Friendly reminder: cannabis regulations vary by state, so it’s important to know which consumption methods are currently legal in your location. Visit our cannabis legalization map to stay informed about your rights.  

Smoking with Rolling Papers 

The traditional and most well-known method of enjoying cannabis is through smoking. This process starts with grinding the flower, and then carefully rolling it into papers – an art form in itself. Lighting up this handcrafted creation offers a direct and classic experience. 

The Convenience of Pre-Rolls 

Beginners may opt for the simplicity of cannabis pre-rolls. Ready-to-use and hassle-free, these pre-rolled wonders are available at dispensaries, saving you the time and potential mess of rolling your own. A main benefit is convenience: they save time and effort and are easily portable.

Pipes and Bongs  

Another popular method of smoking cannabis is by using pipes or bongs. Pipes offer simplicity and portability, consisting of a bowl, stem, and mouthpiece. Bongs, in contrast, are more complex with their water chambers that cool and filter the smoke for a smoother hit. The variety of designs and materials in pipes and bongs cater to both functional needs and personal style. 

Vaporizers  

Flower vaporizers gently heat the cannabis flower to the perfect temperature, activating its compounds without incineration. This method preserves the flower longer, allowing for multiple sessions from a single load. Vaporizers come in two main styles: the convenient portables for on-the-go vaping pen and the powerful desktop versions for a more robust at-home experience.  

Cannabutter 

If smoking or vaping isn't your cup of tea, why not turn to the kitchen? Cannabutter is your door to cannabis-infused culinary creations. By simmering ground cannabis in butter, you infuse it with all the plant's properties, ready to be used in your favorite recipes. Think beyond brownies – cannabutter can be incorporated into savory dishes, dressings, and even your morning toast. 

How to store flower 

When you buy cannabis flower, you’ll want to store it properly in order to get the best experience possible (after all, you don’t want to risk lowering its quality).  

Here are the key things to think about when storing marijuana:  

• Temperature: High temperatures cause cannabis to dry out, and the terpenes might evaporate. The combination of high temperature and high humidity can cause mold and mildew. On the other hand, low temperatures can damage the trichomes, reducing the flower’s potency. [Source] 
• Light: UV light can damage the active compounds in the flower. [Source] 
• Moisture: Cannabis flower can develop mold in high humidity. However, air that’s too dry can break down the cannabinoids and terpenes. The ideal humidity levels for storing cannabis are between 55% and 65%. [Source] 

With all this in mind, note that it’s best to store cannabis flower in an airtight container and place it in a dark corner to minimize its exposure to air, heat, moisture and UV light.

Common forms of marijuana flower  

Exploring the world of marijuana flower at dispensaries unveils a fascinating array of forms, each with its unique characteristics and uses. As you embark on your cannabis journey, here are some common types of marijuana flower you'll likely come across: 

Trim 

Think of trim as the unsung hero of the cannabis flower. It's the collection of excess parts removed post-harvest, including sugar leaves, smaller bud fragments, and dislodged trichomes. While trim might be too harsh for smoking due to its rough texture and less intense flavor, it finds its rightful place in the creation of edibles and hash. It's a resourceful way of utilizing every part of the plant. 

Shake 

Shake is essentially the crumbs of the cannabis world. It's made up of all the bits and pieces that fall off the flower during handling or packaging. There's a spectrum of quality in shake: high-grade shake is purely flower remnants and is quite suitable for smoking, offering a similar experience to whole buds. On the other hand, low-grade shake, while offering less quality, is a more affordable option to look into. 

Popcorn nugs

These are the charming underdogs of the cannabis flower varieties. Popcorn nugs are the smaller, more compact buds that develop at the lower parts of the cannabis plant. Due to their position, they receive less light and don't grow as large as their counterparts higher up the plant. While they may not win a beauty contest against larger buds, don't underestimate them – they often pack nearly the same potency and can offer a more economical choice for cannabis enthusiasts. 

Premium flower 

The crème de la crème of marijuana flower is the premium flower. These are the A-listers: fully-grown, dense, and lusciously rich buds that bask in the optimal conditions at the top of the cannabis plant. Blessed with the lion's share of nutrients and sunlight, these buds are lavishly coated in trichomes and terpenes, leading to a more intense and flavorful experience. Their striking aroma, vibrant colors, and rich flavors are what make them standouts in the cannabis world. 

Each form of marijuana flower has its place and appeal, offering a range of experiences from the economical and versatile to the luxurious and potent. As you navigate through these varieties, you'll discover the diverse beauty and utility that each type brings to your cannabis experience. 

How to Choose Cannabis Flower? 

Choosing the right cannabis flower can be an art in itself, influenced by your personal preferences, experience, and the effects you seek. Here are some factors you’ll need to take into consideration: 

• THC and CBD Content: 
  • For beginners or those seeking milder effects, opt for strains with lower THC levels. 
  • Experienced users might prefer higher THC strains for more potent effects. 
• Aroma and Flavor Profile: 
  • Terpenes in the flower determine its scent and taste, ranging from earthy and musky to sweet and fruity. 
  • Choose based on your preference for the sensory experience. 
• Desired Effects: 
  • Consider what you're looking for: relaxation, pain relief, energy, creativity, etc. 
  • Different strains can induce varied effects. 
• Consult a Budtender: 
  • For personalized advice, speak with one of the knowledgeable budtenders at your nearest RISE dispensary. 
  • They can offer insights into the latest strains and recommend what might best suit your needs and experiences. 

Cannabis Products You Have to Try 

RAW Rolling Papers 

Available in most dispensaries  

Elevate your smoking experience with RAW Rolling Papers, the top choice for cannabis connoisseurs! These papers are renowned for their pure, natural composition, offering the cleanest and most unadulterated smoking pleasure. Free from harmful additives, RAW's papers are minimally processed, maintaining the integrity and flavor of your cannabis. Widely available and highly respected, RAW Rolling Papers are the go-to for those who seek an authentic, high-quality smoking session.

Rythm Glass Pipe 

Available in IL 

Indulge in the elegance of smoking with the Rythm Glass Pipe, exclusively available in Illinois. This exquisite piece is designed for those who value sophistication in their smoking experience. Its sleek design and premium quality glass ensure a smooth, pure smoke, making each session a simple but luxurious indulgence. 

Rythm Glass Bong 

Available in MD, NJ 

Elevate your smoking ritual with the Rythm Glass Bong, a masterpiece available in New Jersey and Maryland. This bong is a symbol of refined taste, offering unmatched filtration and smoothness. It's not just a bong, but a centerpiece that promises an unparalleled smoking experience. 

PAX 2 Vaporizer 

Available in IL 

The PAX 2, available in Illinois, is a game-changer for loose leaf material enthusiasts. This sleek, portable vaporizer is designed for efficiency and ease, offering a refined and customizable vaping experience. Its advanced heating system delivers smooth, consistent vapor, making it a top choice for those who prioritize quality and convenience in their vaping journey. 

PAX Portable Vaporizer 

Available in MA, NV, NJ, OH, RI 

Step into the future of vaping with the PAX Portable Vaporizer! This cutting-edge device combines portability with high-end technology, providing an unmatched vaping experience. Whether you're at home or on the move, the PAX Portable Vaporizer is your reliable companion for enjoying your favorite strains in style and with ease. 

&Shine Select Grind/Shake 

Available in MA, IL, PA, RI, VA 

&Shine Select Grind/Shake offers a finely ground cannabis blend, ideal for a variety of consumption methods. This product stands out for its consistent quality and texture, making it a great choice for both experienced users and newcomers. Whether you're rolling it into joints, packing it into pipes, or using it in vaporizers, &Shine Select Grind/Shake ensures a smooth and enjoyable experience every time. Its versatility and ease of use make it a favored option for those seeking a reliable and satisfying cannabis session. 

&Shine Popcorn 7g 

Available in IL, MA, OH, PA, RI 

&Shine Popcorn buds are a delightful choice for those who appreciate quality in a smaller package. These 7g packs contain petite but potent buds, ideal for times when you want a quick, convenient session without compromising on the full-flavored and potent experience. Perfectly suited for personal use, they're also great for social settings where sharing and sampling different strains is part of the fun. 

Rythm Smalls 3.5g 

Available in FL, IL, MD, MA, NV, NJ, NY, OH, PA, RI 

Rythm Smalls 3.5g packs bring you the same quality and richness of flavor as larger buds in a more compact form. These small buds are ideal for a controlled and enjoyable session, offering a consistent and premium experience. They're an excellent option for exploring different strains, suited for both regular users and those new to cannabis, looking to discover various taste profiles. 

Rythm Premium Flower 

Available in IL, FL, MD, MA, NV, NJ, NY, OH, PA, RI, VA 

Rythm Premium Flower represents the zenith of cannabis cultivation, offering a rich blend of potency, flavor, and aroma. Cultivated with meticulous care, these flowers are selected for their superior quality, providing an exceptional experience. They cater to both cannabis connoisseurs and casual users, promising a top-tier experience with every use. 

Cresco Premium Flower 

Available in MA, PA 

Cresco Premium Flower stands out for its remarkable quality and sophisticated cultivation process. These flowers are known for their intense potency and exquisite flavor profile, making them a preferred choice for those seeking a premium cannabis experience. Each bud is a testament to Cresco's commitment to excellence in cannabis production. 

Where to Buy Cannabis Flower? 

If you're looking to purchase cannabis flower, consider visiting your nearest RISE Cannabis dispensary. At RISE we offer a wide selection of cannabis flowers, catering to various preferences and needs. Whether you're a seasoned user or new to cannabis, por knowledgeable staff can help guide you in finding the perfect strain. 

Wrapping up 

Still have more questions about flower, or cannabis in general? Don’t hesitate to talk with one of our patient care specialists at a nearby RISE Dispensary. Our team will be happy to help you learn even more about cannabis flower products. 

Cannabis Flower FAQ 

Is marijuana flower the same thing as bud?  

Yes, they're one and the same. The term "bud" is just a more casual, slang term often used in dispensaries to refer to marijuana flower. You've likely noticed by now that there are plenty of different names for this plant, each with its own flair. 

What are cannabis nugs? 

"Nugs" is a term commonly used in the cannabis community to refer to the dense, compact buds of the cannabis plant. These are the trimmed, smokable parts of the plant, where most of the cannabinoids and terpenes are concentrated. Nugs vary in size and shape, often depending on the strain and growing conditions. They are the prized portion of the plant, sought after for their potency and the rich sensory experience they provide, including aroma, flavor, and effects. When you hear cannabis enthusiasts talking about nugs, they're referring to these potent, flavorful, and aromatic buds ready for consumption. 

How potent is cannabis flower? 

The potency of cannabis flower largely depends on its concentration of THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), the primary psychoactive compound, and to a lesser extent, other cannabinoids like CBD (cannabidiol). Generally, modern strains of cannabis flowers have seen a significant increase in THC levels, often ranging from 15% to 30% in more potent strains. This rise in potency can be attributed to advanced cultivation and breeding techniques. However, it's important to note that the experience of potency is subjective and can be influenced by individual tolerance, consumption methods, and the specific chemical profile of the strain, including terpenes and other cannabinoids. For those new to cannabis, lower THC levels might be preferable to avoid overwhelming effects.  

What paper to use to smoke cannabis flower? 

Choosing the right paper for smoking cannabis flower depends on your preference for burn rate and flavor. Hemp papers are eco-friendly and add a mild, earthy taste, while rice papers are thinner and more flavor-neutral, offering a smoother smoking experience. Wood pulp papers are thicker and easier to handle, ideal for beginners, but can slightly alter the cannabis's taste. Experimenting with different types can help you find your ideal match. 

Does cannabis flower smell? 

Yes, cannabis flower does have a distinct smell, which can vary widely depending on the strain and its specific terpene profile. Terpenes are aromatic compounds found in many plants, including cannabis, and they contribute to the plant's unique scent. Some common aromas associated with different strains of cannabis include earthy, skunky, citrusy, piney, or fruity notes. The intensity of the smell can also vary, with some strains having a stronger and more pungent odor than others. 

Sources:

• Tanney CAS, Backer R, Geitmann A, Smith DL. Cannabis Glandular Trichomes: A Cellular Metabolite Factory. Front Plant Sci. 2021;12:721986. Published 2021 Sep 20. doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.721986
• Spitzer-Rimon B, Duchin S, Bernstein N, Kamenetsky R. Architecture and Florogenesis in Female Cannabis sativa Plants. Front Plant Sci. 2019;10:350. Published 2019 Apr 2. doi:10.3389/fpls.2019.00350
• Fairbairn JW, Liebmann JA, Rowan MG. The stability of cannabis and its preparations on storage. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1976;28(1):1-7. doi:10.1111/j.2042-7158.1976.tb04014.x
• McGue, L., Morawska, M., Robinson, M.L. and O’Callaghan, A.O. 2021, Hemp Basics: Anatomy of a Female Hemp Plant, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, FS-21-97